The King of Holland was made the King of the United Netherlands. However, with a view to compensating Holland and also to creating a strong State on the northern frontier of France, the Austrian Netherlands were given over to Holland. (2) During the Napoleonic wars, Great Britain had captured the important Dutch colonies of Ceylon, Cape Colony, South Africa and Guiana. The right of Austria to the Austrian Netherlands was recognised but she was allowed to exchange it for some other territory. The Swiss Confederation was also restored. The various German princes whose territories had been included by Napoleon in the Confederation of the Rhine were also restored to their territories. The Pope was also restored with all his possessions in Italy. The House of Savoy was restored in Piedmont and Sardinia. The House of Orange was restored in Holland. The Vienna Settlement restored the Bourbons in Spain, Naples and Sicily. The principle of restoration was consistent with that of legitimacy which the French statesman Talleyrand was exploiting in order to save France from further territorial spoliation and to enable his defeated country to play an important part in the deliberations of Europe. As regards the principle of restoration, it was decided to restore, as far as possible, the boundaries and reigning families of the several European countries as they were before the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon. (1) The Vienna Settlement was based on three principles, viz., restoration, legitimacy’ and compensation. Principles on which Vienna Settlement was based:
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